A recent study from Australia suggests that bacterial vaginosis (BV) might be a sexually transmitted infection (STI). BV is common, affecting millions worldwide, but it is not officially considered an STI. However, new research published in the New England Journal of Medicine challenges this view.
What is BV?
BV occurs when harmful bacteria outgrow the good bacteria in the vagina. It affects about 35% of people with a vagina and can cause symptoms like unusual off-white discharge and a strong smell. Some may experience irritation, while others do not notice any symptoms.
How do people get BV?
BV is more common in people who are sexually active. Other factors that increase the risk include pregnancy, using an IUD, having multiple partners, starting a new relationship, douching, or taking antibiotics. People who do not use condoms or dental dams may also have a higher chance of getting BV.
Could BV be an STI?
Researchers from Monash University and Alfred Health in Melbourne studied 164 couples where the woman had BV and was in a monogamous relationship. In half of the couples, the male partners were given both an oral antibiotic and a topical cream, while the other half received no treatment.
What did the study find?
The cure rates were higher when both partners were treated, similar to how STIs are managed. One of the lead researchers, Prof. Catriona Bradshaw, explained that reinfection from partners plays a major role in BV recurrence. This provides strong evidence that BV may actually be an STI.
Why has BV not been classified as an STI before?
BV has been difficult to classify as an STI because the exact bacteria responsible for causing it are still unknown. However, advances in genomic sequencing might soon help identify them.
What happens next?
Following this study, the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre has changed its clinical approach and now routinely treats both partners to reduce recurrence.
How is BV treated?
A doctor can diagnose BV and may prescribe antibiotics in gel, cream, or pill form. Treating both partners might improve recovery and lower the chances of getting BV again.