Bruises are common and usually happen due to minor injuries. However, if you notice bruises appearing without a clear reason, it could be a sign of an underlying health issue. Here’s what you need to know about unexplained bruising and when to see a doctor.
What Causes Unexplained Bruising? Bruising occurs when small blood vessels (capillaries) break under the skin, causing discoloration. While often harmless, frequent or unexplained bruises may indicate the following conditions:
Vitamin Deficiencies
- Vitamin C Deficiency: This vitamin is essential for healthy blood vessels. A lack of vitamin C can lead to easy bruising, fatigue, and even gum bleeding.
- Vitamin K Deficiency: Vitamin K helps blood clot. A deficiency may cause excessive bruising and prolonged bleeding from minor cuts.
Blood Disorders
- Leukemia: This blood cancer can cause frequent bruising due to a low platelet count, which affects clotting.
- Hemophilia: A genetic condition where blood does not clot properly, leading to excessive bruising and prolonged bleeding.
Anemia
- Iron Deficiency Anemia: Low iron levels can weaken blood vessels, making bruises more common. Other symptoms include fatigue, pale skin, and dizziness.
Certain Medications
- Blood thinners, such as aspirin and warfarin, can increase bruising.
- Steroids can make the skin thinner, leading to easier bruising.
Aging and Fragile Skin As people age, their skin becomes thinner and loses some of its protective fat layer, making blood vessels more prone to damage.
When to Be Concerned Most bruises heal on their own, but you should see a doctor if:
- You frequently develop large or painful bruises without injury.
- Bruises appear alongside extreme fatigue, weight loss, or prolonged bleeding.
- You have a family history of bleeding disorders.
- Your bruises take an unusually long time to heal.
How to Prevent Excessive Bruising
- Eat a balanced diet rich in vitamins C, K, and iron.
- Avoid excessive alcohol consumption, which can weaken blood vessels.
- Be cautious with blood-thinning medications.
- Protect your skin by wearing long sleeves and using padding during physical activities.
Conclusion Bruising is a natural response to injury, but unexplained bruising may signal an underlying issue. If you’re noticing frequent bruises, consult a doctor to rule out serious conditions.