Fatty liver disease, also called hepatic steatosis, happens when too much fat builds up in the liver. It is a common condition linked to obesity, poor lifestyle choices, and metabolic disorders. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and ways to manage it can help prevent and control the disease.
What Causes Fatty Liver?
Fatty liver occurs when fat accumulates in the liver, and several factors contribute to this. Genetics may play a role, but lifestyle habits have the biggest impact. Many people with diabetes or those who drink excessive alcohol are at higher risk. Recognizing these causes can help in taking preventive steps.
The main causes of fatty liver include:
- Unhealthy Diet – Eating too many processed foods, sugary drinks, and unhealthy fats can increase fat buildup in the liver.
- Obesity – Excess body weight raises the likelihood of fat accumulation in the liver.
- Insulin Resistance – This condition, common in type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, can lead to fatty liver.
- Excessive Alcohol Consumption – Drinking too much alcohol over time can cause alcohol-related fatty liver disease.
Symptoms of Fatty Liver
Many people with fatty liver disease do not show symptoms, making early detection difficult. It is often found during routine health check-ups. Some possible symptoms include:
- Fatigue
- Abdominal pain or discomfort
- A general feeling of being unwell
- Weakness
- Jaundice (yellowing of skin and eyes)
Types of Fatty Liver
There are two main types of fatty liver disease:
- Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (AFLD) – Caused by heavy alcohol use.
- Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) – More common and linked to obesity, diabetes, and metabolic conditions.
Preventing and Managing Fatty Liver
A healthy lifestyle is key to preventing and managing fatty liver. Some important steps include:
Healthy Diet – Eat more fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. Limit processed foods, sugary drinks, and unhealthy fats.
Regular Exercise – Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise or 75 minutes of intense activity per week.
Weight Management – Maintain a healthy weight to reduce liver fat.
Limit Alcohol – Cutting back or avoiding alcohol helps prevent further damage.
Manage Medical Conditions – Control diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol.
Some supplements like milk thistle, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin E, and green tea may also support liver health.
Conclusion
Fatty liver disease is a growing health issue but can be managed through lifestyle changes. Eating a balanced diet, staying active, maintaining a healthy weight, and limiting alcohol can reduce the risk. Managing other health conditions and considering certain supplements may also help. Taking a proactive approach can improve both liver health and overall well-being.